Yogyakarta is one of the major cities on the island of Java, which is the capital and administrative center of Yogyakarta, and once the seat of the Sultan of Yogyakarta and the Duke Pakualam.
One district in Yogyakarta, namely Kotagede Sultanate of Mataram had become the center between 1575-1640. Kraton (palace) are still functioning in the real sense is the Palace Ngayogyakarta and Puro Pakualaman, which is a fraction of Mataram.
Etymology
Yogyakarta name drawn from the two words, namely Ayogya which means "peace" (or without war, a "no", referring yogya yodya or yudha, which means "war"), and the Karta, which means "good".Tread palace of Yogyakarta itself according to the chronicle (eg Chronicle Giyanti) and leluri (oral history) has the form of a palace called Dalem Gerjiwati; then renamed by Sunan Pakubuwana II as Dalem Ayogya
History
Hindu Mataram (10th century AD)
Although missing from the historical record since the migration Medang Kingdom central government in the 10th century to the east, the valley area to the south of Mount Merapi since the 15th century still inhabited by many people and is said to be part of the region known as Pengging. In chronicles his journey, Bujangga Manik, a prince of the Kingdom of Sunda recluse ever pass through this region, but does not mention the name "Yogya" or alike.
Islamic Mataram (1575 - 1620)
Forerunner of the city of Yogyakarta is Kotagede region, now one of the districts in the city of Yogyakarta. The first ruler of the Islamic Mataram palace, Panembahan Senapati (Sutawijaya), established in a scene of which is part of the forest Mentaok (base Mentaok).The complex is now the oldest palace still remains as part of the stone fort, cemeteries and mosques. After being moved twice (in the palace and the palace Pleret Kerta, both located in the district of Bantul), the seat of government of the Sultanate of Mataram switch to Kartasura.
After Giyanti Agreement (1745 - 1945)
The city's history entered a new phase following the signing of the Agreement between the Sunan Pakubuwono Giyanti III, Prince Mangkubumi (which crowned the Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, and VOC on February 13, 1755. Agreement is divided into two Mataram Mataram East (called Surakarta) and West Mataram (latercalled Ngayogyakarta)
Yogyakarta sebagai pusat pemerintahan politik baru secara resmi berdiri sejak Pangeran Mangkubumi (Sultan Hamengkubuwono I)
mengakhiri pemberontakan yang dipimpinnya, mendapat wilayah kekuasaan
separuh wilayah Mataram yang tersisa, dan diizinkan mendirikan keraton
di tempat yang dikenal sekarang. Tanggal wisuda keraton ini, 7 Oktober
1756, kini dijadikan sebagai hari jadi Kota Yogyakarta.
Expansion of the city of Yogyakarta running quickly. Township-village outside the walls of the palace named after the unity palace forces, such Patangpuluhan, Bugisan, Mantrijeron, and so on. In addition, the region is also built for those non-indigenous backgrounds, such as the Dutch and Kotabaru to Chinatown for the Chinese. This clustering pattern is common in the 19th century until the 20th century, before the end of colonialism. Many of these are now the name of the district within the city.There are older sites in ruins, especially those set in the early days but later abandoned due to damage caused by the massive earthquake that struck in 1812, as the site tetirahan Warungboto, which was founded by Sultan Hamengkubuwana II and the site of Taman Sari in the wall of the palace which was established Sultan Hamengkubuwana I. Beringharjo been known as a place of trade transactions since the palace stands, but a new permanent building was founded in the early 20th century (1925).
Heritage and regional identity
1. Spear Kyai Mukti Wijoyo
Legacy Giving is king Kraton lane X. The spear was made in 1921 during the reign of lane VIII. Weapons are often used these soldiers to have a length of 3 meters. Spear prestige wos wutah wengkon with dhapur kudhuping this gambier, landeannya 2.5 meter wooden walikun, the type of wood that is commonly used for the shaft and has been tested and keliatannya violence.
Previous spear is kept in ward Pracimosono advance and before being handed dijamasi by KRT. Hastono Negoro, in the palace Yudonegaran. Wijoyo naming new Mukti do bebarapa days before the handover ceremony to the city of Yogyakarta, on the anniversary day of the 53rd anniversary of the city of Yogyakarta on June 7, 2000. Ceremony conducted at the City Hall courtyard and a special heritage is escorted by soldiers Kraton "Soldier Bregodo Mantrijero". Spear Kyai Wijoyo Mukti symbolizes Wijoyo Wijayanti conditions.That is, the real victory in the future, where all walks of life can feel pleasure mentally and physically because of the achievement level of welfare is really uneven.
Geography
Yogyakarta is located in the valley of three rivers, the River Winongo, Code River (which divides the city into two and culture), and the Gajah Wong river. It is located at a distance of 600 KM from Jakarta, 116 KM from Hyderabad, and 65 KM from Surakarta, the intersection point Bandung - Semarang - Bangalore - Pacitan. The city has an altitude of about 112 m above sea level.
Although located in the valley, the city rarely flooded because the drainage system neatly built by the colonial government, coupled with the addition of swing aqueduct undertaken by the City Government of Yogyakarta.
Administrative Boundaries
Yogyakarta has been integrated with a number of surrounding areas, so that administrative boundaries are not too obtrusive. To maintain the continuity of the development of the region, formed a joint secretariat Kartamantul (Yogyakarta, Sleman and Bantul) in charge of all things related to the agglomeration of Yogyakarta and buffer areas (Depok, Mlati, Limestone, Pity, Sewon, and Banguntapan).
The administrative boundaries of Yogyakarta is:
1 North: District and Sub Mlati Depok, Sleman regency
2 East: District Depok, Sleman regency and sub Banguntapan, Bantul
3 South: District Banguntapan, Sewon district, and Kasihan, Bantul
4 West: Limestone District, Sleman District and Kasihan, Bantul
Demography
The population of the city of Yogyakarta, based on the 2010 Population Census., Totaling 388,088 people, with the proportion of men and women were almost equal.
Islam is the majority religion professed people of Yogyakarta, the number of Christians and Catholics are relatively significant. Like most of the Muslim majority in the inland cities of Java, the majority still maintain a strong Javanese tradition.
Yogyakarta is also the birthplace of one of the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, Muhammadiyah, founded by KH Ahmad Dahlan in 1912 in Kauman, Ngupasan, Gondomanan, Yogyakarta.To date, the Central Board of Muhammadiyah remains headquartered in Yogyakarta.Yogyakarta is known as a city of students, as nearly 20% of the population are visual learners and productive are 137 colleges. The city is characterized dynamics of students coming from different parts of Indonesia. College owned by the government are the University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia Yogyakarta Arts Institute, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga and Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta.
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Yogyakarta
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